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Ceramic Types

The ArchAIDE knowledge-base is a collection of search and retrieval tools that allows accessing the project reference database for types, decorations and stamps. Up to now, the knowledge-base contains types related to Terra Sigillata Italica, Hispanica, South Gaulish, and Roman Amphorae. 
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ArchAIDE Types

Dressel 1

Amphorae
This was the most common type of late Republican Roman amphora. Following an early classificatory scheme by Lamboglia (1955), the type is conventionally sub-divided into three sub-types, known as the Dressel 1A, 1B and 1C, which are still used today. These sub-types are distinguished largely on the basis of differences in the shape of the rim (discussed critically by Tchernia, 1986: 312-20). The Dressel 1A has a pronounced triangular rim, often quite difficult to distinguish from the rim of the Greco-Italic type; the rim of the Dressel 1B has a thick near vertical collar rim; the rim of the Dressel 1C takes the form of a narrow mouth and a high collar, which flares outwards in the earlier versions, and which Will (1982) suggests is directly derived from her Greco-Italic form Will 1E. There are few significant differences in the shape of the bodies of these three sub-types although those of the Dressel 1A and B tend to be heavier and more cylindrical while that of the Dressel 1C tends to be more spindle-like. Furthermore, the neck of the Dressel 1C tends to be wider at the bottom closer to its junction with the shoulder. A broad scheme to distinguish between the varieties of Dressel 1A and 1B handles and spikes has been suggested by Stockli (1979), based mainly on the size of these features, but its practical use is perhaps doubtful given the nuances of form which are sometimes apparent in the general class of Dressel 1 amphora. The Dressel 1 is sometimes stamped on the rim and very occasionally on the neck. Where present, the stamp normally consists of two or three letters, sometimes more, or a symbol (such as an anchor or trident) or both. Alphabetical symbols were used in the ager cosanus, particularly at the kiln at Albinia, while elsewhere the stamps are quite often in the form of names (e.g. Sestius). More »
  • Date Min: -150 - Date Max: -1
  • Forms:
    • amphorae
  • Characteristics:
    • Rim: Collar
    • Base: Spike/tapered
    • Handle: Ovoid/Elliptical
    • Neck: Cylindrical
    • Shoulder: Carinated
    • Body: Cylindrical
    • Handle: Long vertical
  • Period: The Dressel 1A evolved from Greco-Italic types, perhaps directly from Will type 1C and 1D (1982) and Tchernia (1983; 1986) suggests c. 140/130 BC as the transition date. The form persisted through to about the middle of the first century BC (Peacock, 1971; 1977c; Tchernia, 1986). The Dressel 1B was produced between the last quarter of the second until the last decade of the first century BC (Peacock, 1971; 1977c; Long, 1987; Hesnard et alii, 1989). The Dressel 1C was manufactured between the late second to the second quarter of the first century BC (Lamboglia, 1955; Beltrán Lloris, 1970; Will, 1979; 1987a). More »
  • Primary Function: Transport

3D Model

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Measured length
0.0

Origin & occurrences

Campanian 'Black Sand' fabric

Britannia Area
Germany Nation
Spain Nation
France South Area
Eastern Mediterranean Area
Lusitania Area

Depictions

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Media type: Drawing
Scale: Drawing at 1:10 scale

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Media type: Drawing
Scale: Drawing at 1:10 scale

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Media type: Drawing
Scale: Drawing at 1:10 scale

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Media type: Photograph
Scale: Hand specimen, fresh broken surface

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Media type: Photograph
Scale: Hand specimen, fresh broken surface

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Media type: Photograph
Scale: Hand specimen, fresh broken surface

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Media type: Photograph
Scale: Photograph of partial amphora

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Media type: Photograph
Scale: Photograph of whole amphora

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Media type: Photograph
Scale: Photograph of whole amphora

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Media type: Photograph
Scale: Photograph of whole amphora

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Media type: Photograph
Scale: Photograph of whole amphora

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Media type: Photograph
Scale: Photograph of whole amphora

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Media type: Photograph
Scale: Photograph of whole amphora

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Media type: Photograph
Scale: Photograph of whole amphora

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Media type: Photograph
Scale: Photograph of whole amphora

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Media type: Photograph
Scale: Photograph of whole amphora

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Media type: Photograph
Scale: Photograph of whole amphora

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Media type: Photograph
Scale: Photograph of whole amphora

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Media type: Photograph
Scale: Photograph of whole amphora

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Media type: Photograph
Scale: Photograph of whole amphora

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Media type: Photograph
Scale: Photograph of whole amphora

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Media type: Thin section
Scale: Thin section photograph taken at a scale of x20, crossed polarised light

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Media type: Thin section
Scale: Thin section photograph taken at a scale of x20, crossed polarised light

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Media type: Thin section
Scale: Thin section photograph taken at a scale of x20, crossed polarised light

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Media type: Thin section
Scale: Thin section photograph taken at a scale of x20, crossed polarised light

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Media type: Thin section
Scale: Thin section photograph taken at a scale of x20, crossed polarised light

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Media type: Thin section
Scale: Thin section photograph taken at a scale of x20, crossed polarised light

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Media type: Thin section
Scale: Thin section photograph taken at a scale of x20, crossed polarised light

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Media type: Thin section
Scale: Thin section photograph taken at a scale of x20, crossed polarised light

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Media type: Thin section
Scale: Thin section photograph taken at a scale of x20, crossed polarised light

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Media type: Thin section
Scale: Thin section photograph taken at a scale of x20, crossed polarised light

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Media type: Thin section
Scale: Thin section photograph taken at a scale of x20, crossed polarised light

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Media type: Thin section
Scale: Thin section photograph taken at scale of x20, crossed polarised light

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Media type: Thin section
Scale: Thin section photograph taken at scale of x20, crossed polarised light

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Media type: Thin section
Scale: Thin section photograph taken at scale of x20, crossed polarised light

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Media type: Drawing

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Media type: 3D model

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Media type: Drawing

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Media type: 3D model

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Media type: Drawing

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Media type: 3D model

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Media type: Drawing

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Media type: Drawing

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Media type: Drawing

Equivalent types & comments

Equivalences defined in Dressel 1

No direct equivalences

Equivalences defined in other types

No indirect equivalences

Principal contributors: David Williams, Clementina Panella and Simon Keay

Decorations & Stamps

Decorations defined in Dressel 1

No Decorations defined

Stamps defined in Dressel 1

No Stamps defined

References

Lund, J. 2000b: Transport Amphorae as Evidence of Exportation of Italian Wine and Oil to the Eastern Mediterranean in the Hellenistic Period. Between Orient and Occident: Studies in Honour of P.J. Riis. Copenhagen 77-99
Miró, J. 1986: Une inscription peinte avec date consulaire sur une amphore Dressel 1B de l’oppidum de Burriac. Documents d’ archéologie meridionale. 9 201-205
Bernal Casasola, D., Arevalo, A., Lorenzo, L. & Aguilera, L. 2003: Imitations of Italic amphorae for fish sauce in Baetica. New evidence from the salt-fish factory of Baelo Claudia (Hispania). Rei Cretariae Fautorum Acta. Abingdon 38 305-313
Fitzpatrick, A. 1985: The Distribution of Dressel 1 Amphorae in North-West Europe. Oxford Journal of Archaeology. 4 305-340
Tchernia, A. 1983: Italian wine in Gaul at the end of the Republic. Trade in the Ancient Economy. London 87-104
Carreté, J-M., Keay, S. & Millet, M. 1995: A Roman Provincial Capital and its Hinterland. The survey of the territory of Tarragona, Spain, 1985-1990. Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplement. Ann Arbor 15
Peacock, D. P. S. 1984a: Amphorae in Iron Age Britain: a re-assessment. Cross-Channel Trade Between Gaul and Britain in the Pre-Roman Iron Age,. London 37-42
Peacock, D. P. S. 1977c: Recent discoveries of Roman amphora kilns in Italy. Antiquaries Journal. 32 262-269
Thierrin-Michael, G. 1990a: Roman weinamphoren - petrographische differenzierung von 11 italischen referenzgruppen. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrog. Mitt. 70 115-120
Peacock, D. P. S. & Williams, D. F. 1986: Amphorae and the Roman Economy. London Longman
Tchernia, A. 1986: Le vin de l'Italie romaine. Rome École Française de Rome
Empereur, J-Y. & Hesnard, A. 1987: Les amphores hellénistiques du monde egéen. Céramiques hellénistiques et romaines. Paris 2 Sep-71
Peacock, D. P. S. 1971: Roman amphorae in pre-Roman Britain. The Iron Age and its Hill Forts. Southampton 161-188
Benoit, F. 1952: L'archéologie sous-marine en Provence. Rivista di studi Liguri. 18 244
Zevi, F. 1966: Appunti sulle anfore romane. La tavola tipologica del Dressel. Archaeologia Classica. 18 208-247
Poux, M. 2004: L’âge du vin. Rites de boisson, festins et libations en Gaule independante. Paris
Long, L. 1987: Les épaves du Grand Conglué. Étude du journal de fouille de Fernand Benoit. Archaeonautica. Paris 7 Sep-36
Deniaux, E. 1980: Recherches sur les amphores antiques de Basse-Normandie. Cahiers des annales de Normandie. Caen 12B
Toniolo, V. A. 2000: Le anfore di Adria (IV-II a. e.). Sottomarino
Williams, D. F. 1995: A petrological note on amphora fabrics from the survey and along the Eastern Spanish coast. A Roman provincial capital and its hinterland. The survey of the territory of Tarragona, Spain, 1985-1990. Journal of Roman Archaeology, Supplement. Ann Arbor 15 304-310
Will, E. L. 1982: Greco-Italic amphoras. Hesperia. 52 338-56
Fernández Cacho, S. 1995: Las industrias derivadas de la pesca en la provincia romana de Bética; la diferencia de “El Rinconcillo” (Algeciras, Cádiz). Spal. 4 173-214
Will, E. L. 1979: The Sestius amphorae: a re-appraisal. Journal of Field Archaeology. 6 339-349
Ettlinger, E. 1977: Aspects of amphora typology - seen from the north. Méthodes classiques et methods formelles dans l’étude des amphores, Actes du colloque de Rome, 27-29 mai 1974. Collection de L'École Française de Rome. Rome 32 Sep-16
Hesnard, A. 1977: Note sur un atelier d'amphores Dr. 1 et Dr. 2-4 près de Terracine. Mélanges de l'École Française de Rome. 93 157-168
Charlin, G., Gassend, J-M. & Lequément, R. 1978: L'épave antique de la baie de Cavalière (Le Lavandou, Var). Archaeonautica. Paris 2 Sep-93
Molina Vidal, J. 1997: La dinámica comercial romana entre Italia e Hispania Citerior. Alicante
Manacorda, D. 1981: Produzione agricola, produzione ceramica e proprietari nell’Ager Cosanus nel I a.C. Societá romana e produzione schiavistica II. Merci, mercati e scambi nel Mediterraneo,. Rome 263-274
García Vargas, E. 1998: La producción de ánforas en la Bahía de Cádiz en época romana (siglos II a.C. – IV d.C.). Ėcija
Stockli, W. E. 1979: Die Gros – und Importkeramik von Manching. Wiesbaden
Loughton, M. E. 2003: The distribution of Republican Amphorae in France. Oxford Journal of Archaeology. 22 177-207
Beltrán Lloris, M. 1970: Las ánforas romanas en España. Zaragoza
Hesnard, A., Rico, M., Arthur, P. Picon, M. & Tchernia, A. 1989: Aires de production des Greco-italiques et des Dressel 1. Amphores romaines et histoire économique: dix ans de recherche. Actes du colloque de Sienne (22-24 mai 1986). Collection de l’École Française de Rome. Rome 114 21-65
Tchernia, A., Pomey, P. & Hesnard, A. 1978: L’épave romaine de La Madrague des Giens (Var). Gallia Supplément. Paris 34
Lamboglia, N. 1955: Sulla cronologia delle anfore romane de età republicana. Rivista di studi Liguri. 21 252-260
Parker, A. J. & Squire, D. M. 1974: A wreck of the late 2nd century A.D. at Terrauzza (Siracusa, Sicily). International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater Exploration. 3 27-34
Panella, C. 1981: Merci destinate al commercio transmarino. Il vino: la distribuzione e i mercati. Società romana e produzione schiavistica. II. Merci, mercati e scambi nel Mediterraneo. Rome 55-80
Thierrin-Michael, G. 1992: Römische Weinamphoren. Freiburg PhD. Thesis
Will, E. L. 1987a: The Roman amphoras. The Roman port and fishery of Cosa: a centre of ancient trade. Princeton 171-220
Galliou, P. 1984: Days of wine and roses? Early Armorica and the Atlantic wine trade. Cross-channel trade between Gaul and Britain in the pre-Roman Iron Age. London 24-36
Will, E. L. 1987b: Celtic importation of Roman wine in the second and first centuries B.C. Rome’s Alpine Frontier. London 25-30